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Abstract

This study investigated the breeding behavior, embryonic development, and physicochemical parameters of Pterophyllum scalare, commonly known as the angelfish.Breeding trials were conducted over a sixmonth period at the Meghalaya State Fisheries Research and Training Institute, Mawpun from July to December 2023.Physicochemical analyses of the breeding and broodstock tanks showed variations in temperature (26-28 °C), pH (6.2-7.2),dissolved oxygen (4-5 ppm), hardness (120-146 ppm), and alkalinity (126-154 ppm).Morphometric analysis revealed male angelfish measuring 15 cm in length and 18 g in weight, while females measured 13 cm and 15 g, respectively.The fertilization rate was 85%, with a hatching rate of 60% and a survival rate of 35%.Embryonic development stages were meticulously observed, documenting key milestones such as the first cleavage completed within 35 minutes, progressing through stages including 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, blastula, dome, gastrula, segmentation, and hatchling emergence at 72 hours post-fertilization.This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the reproductive biology and early life stages of Pterophyllum scalare, essential for its aquaculture and conservation management.