Histopathological spectrum of intestinal lesions: A study at tertiary care hospital in Gujarat

Abstract

Introduction: The disorders of gastrointestinal tract are responsible for a great deal of morbidity and mortality and are one of the most commonly encountered problems in clinical practice. Infections, inflammatory diseases, and tumour affect the small intestine accounting for a majority of diseases. The definitive diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions largely depends on the histopathological confirmation and is one of the basis for planning proper treatment regimen.Aim and Objectives: The objective of this study was to observe the histopathological spectrum of intestinal lesions, to evaluate age and sex wise distribution of intestinal lesions and to compare results with other studies.Materials and Methods: An observational study was carried out from January 2022 to December 2022 at Narendra Modi Medical College and Sheth L.G. General Hospital, Maninagar, Ahmedabad. The tissue samples included biopsies and resected specimens of intestine received from various clinical departments. Autolyzed specimens or tissues were excluded from the study. A total of 88 cases were included in present study. Histopathological examination of these cases was carried out and data were recorded and further analyzed. The results were expressed in numbers and percentages.Observation and Results: Out of 88 cases, 5(5.7%) lesions were neoplastic and 83(94.3%) cases were non-neoplastic. Non-neoplastic lesions included tuberculous inflammation, intestinal gangrene and other inflammatory lesions. Non-neoplastic lesions were mainly found in small intestine while large intestine and rectum harbored most of the neoplastic lesions.Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for early diagnosis of the disease through histopathology, which when correlated clinically will help the surgeon/clinician to implement the appropriate treatment and improve the survival of the patients.