Vertical hydroponic farming for indoor: A review

Abstract

Vertical hydroponic farming is an innovative approach to agriculture that seeks to address the challenges posed by urbanization and the growing global population. This method leverages vertical space and hydroponic techniques to grow plants indoors, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional farming. This review paper explores the fundamental principles of vertical hydroponic farming, including the various hydroponic systems and vertical structures employed. It discusses the significant advantages of this farming method, such as space efficiency, controlled environment agriculture, water conservation, reduced pesticide use, and year-round production. The paper also addresses the challenges faced by vertical hydroponic farming, including high initial investment costs, energy consumption, the need for technical expertise, and the limited variety of crops currently suitable for hydroponic systems. The economic viability and environmental impact of vertical hydroponic farming are analyzed, considering factors like market demand, operational efficiency, and energy consumption. The future of vertical hydroponic farming, discussing the potential for expanding crop varieties, integrating renewable energy sources, supportive urban agriculture policies, and the importance of community engagement and education has also been discussed. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of vertical hydroponic farming's current state, challenges, and future prospects, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize sustainable food production in urban environments.