Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the abundance of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.

Abstract

Galleria mellonella, a commonly found nuisance for honey bees in regions where beekeeping is practiced, predominantly poses a threat through its larval stage. These larvae consume beeswax, honey, pollen, and the pupal remains of bees, causing destructive impacts. The population of G. mellonella tends to peak between April and July, gradually declining until March, with the highest numbers recorded in July. Numerous factors contribute to its abundance, including both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) elements. Biotic factors involve early instars engaging in cannibalism, the type and nutritional content of food, the presence of parasitoids like Bracon hebetor and Dibrachys cayus, and the targeted bee species. Abiotic factors encompass fluctuating temperatures, relative humidity, and varying daylight durations. This research aims to delve deeply into the biology of the greater wax moth and explore the influence of diverse biotic and abiotic factors on their population, along with correlation studies.