A review on the medicinal plant Zingiber zerumbet phytochemical composition, traditional uses, and potential health benefits

Abstract

Zingiber zerumbet, commonly known as pinecone ginger or shampoo ginger, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on entire plant along with phytochemical composition, traditional uses, and potential health benefits. Z. zerumbet has a rich phytochemical profile, with various bioactive compounds identified in its rhizomes, leaves, and flowers. These include gingerols, paradols, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. The rhizomes are particularly abundant in bioactive constituents, which contribute to the plant's medicinal properties. In traditional medicine, Z. zerumbet has been used for centuries in different parts of the world to address various health conditions. The plant has been attributed with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-diabetic properties. It has also been used to alleviate digestive disorders, respiratory ailments, and as a remedy for skin diseases. The plant has shown potential in the management of conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Moreover, Z. zerumbet exhibits antimicrobial properties against a range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Additionally, studies have highlighted its ability to modulate immune responses and enhance the body's defense mechanisms against infections. However, despite the promising findings, further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Z. zerumbet. Standardization of plant extracts, identification of active compounds, and clinical trials are essential steps for establishing its efficacy, safety, and dosage recommendations.