Leaf anatomy and venation of Viola odorata L

Abstract

The present work comprises anatomical study of the species Viola odorata L. in Iraq. The epidermal characteristics of leaves were examined, leaf and petiole sections were studied also. It was clear that, the stomatal type of the species were found to be anisocytic type. Leaves were found to be amphistomatic, Spongy layer not fully differentiated and palisade has loosely arrangement. Glandular and agalndular trichomes were present and druses crystals. The venation was studied, Tertiary veins was random reticulate with straight and convex course, areoles was well development and the free ending veins unbranched and it shows an important characteristic for isolation and identification the species.