The impact of maternal anemia on maternal and fetal outcome

Abstract

Introduction: Anemia is a major public health problem affecting both developed and developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in developed countries is approximately 14 percent, whereas it remains as high as 51 percent in the developing world. Anemia in pregnancy is called a “potential danger to mother and child” to be taken seriously by all parties involved in health care at the forefront line. Objectives1.To assess the impact of maternal anemia on maternal outcome.2.To assess the impact of maternal Anemia on fetal outcome.3.To compare the maternal and fetal outcome.Methods and Material: The quantitative research approach was used and the research design was cross sectional descriptive research design. This study was conducted in postnatal ward in selected hospital of the city. In this study the target population was postnatal anemic mother admitted in selected hospital of the city. The sample size was 196 and the sampling technique was purposive sampling technique. Results: Maternal outcome: Majority of postnatal anemic mother is affected by digestive problems 18.36%, oligohydramnios 14.28, had poor weight gain 12.75% and mother affected by UTI 15.30%, PIH 10.20%, predispose to infection were 11.22%, respiratory problems 12.24%, and maternal palpitation 5.61%. Maternal outcome during labor. Majority of postnatal anemic mother is affected by PIH 16.32%, cesarean section 16.32%, Preterm labor 12.24%, premature rupture of membranes 8.16%, had blood transfusion 6.12%, cardiac failure 1.5%, placental abruption 0.51%. Fetal outcome: Majority had neonatal jaundice 11.73%, admitted in NICU 16.32% neonatal asphyxia 14.28%, IUGR 10.71%, LBW 17.85%, Newborn anemia1.02% and still birth 1.02%. The Association between Maternal Outcome Score and Fetal Outcome Score was highly significant as the chi square and p value was x2= 13.27 P=0.013 Significant. Conclusion: The study concludes that, there has been impact of maternal anemia on maternal and fetal outcome. A high prevalence of anemia in pregnant women apparently increases the maternal and fetal risks. To improve maternal and fetal outcome, it is recommended that the primary health care has to be strengthened, prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of anemia in pregnancy to be given priority.