A review on application of integrated pest management tactics for aphid complex on crop ecosystem

Abstract

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an essential approach for managing pest populations in crop ecosystems. The application of various IPM tactics specifically targets to the aphid complex which causes significant damage to various crops. Aphids have delicate pear-shaped bodies with long legs and antennae and belong to hemimetabolous insects which consist of various stages like egg, nymph and adults. Aphids are a highly adaptable and prolific pest group and out of all the species, 10% of species feed on multiple host crops. Damage is caused by the aphids in the form of extracting sap from plants at growth stages of mustard such as vegetative stage 6.50%, flowering stage 76.50%, and pod-forming stage 17.00%. Apart from that stunted growth, wilting and reduced vigor. It acts as vector to transmit various diseases such as mosaic viruses, leaf curl viruses and yellowing diseases, which produce different symptoms like sooty mould, leaf curling, stunting and dead shoots. Effective management of aphid populations (Nymph and adult) through a combination of different methods such as cultural, mechanical, biological, nano-pesticides and biorational pesticides in integrated pest management strategies. This review provides an overview of the key IPM tactics applicable against aphid infesta tions, highlighting their effectiveness, advantages and limitations. Additionally, the ecological implications and sustainability of IPM approaches are discussed.