The effect of specific physical abilities on the characteristics of stride according to the target time and their impact on the achievement in the 400-meter freestyle running for juniors

Abstract

The performance of athletes in the 400-meter freestyle race relies heavily on specific physical abilities. Miyashiro et al. (2019) and Al-Nedawy & Al-Mousawi (2022) highlighted the influence of stride characteristics on overall performance, emphasizing that specialized training improves specific abilities. The research problem is that variations in stride characteristics lead to inconsistent race times due to differences in athletes' physical abilities. This study aimed to understand the impact of physical abilities on stride characteristics, identify training methods to enhance these characteristics, and provide recommendations to improve junior athletes' performance. An experimental design involving two groups (experimental and control) was used with 12 junior athletes from Najaf Governorate clubs. Eight athletes were selected and randomly divided between the two groups. The experimental group underwent a new training program to improve physical abilities and stride characteristics, while the control group followed a traditional regimen. Pre-tests conducted on 01/05/2023 established baseline performance levels, and the new training program emphasized exercises to enhance speed, speed endurance, and rhythmic endurance. Post-tests on 15/07/2023 revealed significant improvements across all 100-meter segments. Average times improved from 12.44s to 12.23s, 12.99s to 12.05s, 13.62s to 12.49s, and 13.89s to 12.25s for each successive 100-meter segment. Speed rates and stride length improved, indicating stronger muscles and enhanced flexibility. In conclusion, this specialized training program effectively improved the physical and mechanical performance of junior athletes. Coaches should emphasize stride frequency, strength, and endurance to enhance 400-meter runners' competitive performance.