Clinical approaches to managing anaemia caused by menstrual problems in adolescent girls

Abstract

Adolescent girls are particularly susceptible to anaemia due to heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), which can adversely affect their physical health, cognitive function, and quality of life. This article explores comprehensive clinical approaches to managing anaemia caused by menstrual problems in this population. The first step involves a thorough evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to accurately diagnose anaemia and its severity. Effective management of menorrhagia is crucial and can be achieved through hormonal therapies, such as combined oral contraceptives, progestin-only pills or injections, and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, as well as non-hormonal treatments like NSAIDs and tranexamic acid. Treating anaemia involves iron supplementation, with oral iron as the first-line treatment and intravenous iron therapy reserved for cases of intolerance to oral iron, severe anaemia, or malabsorption issues. A comprehensive management plan encompasses addressing menstrual bleeding, nutritional counseling, and patient education. Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential to ensure treatment efficacy and patient compliance. A multidisciplinary approach, involving gynecologists, hematologists, dietitians, and mental health professionals, is recommended to provide holistic care. By addressing both the underlying menstrual issues and the resultant anaemia, healthcare providers can significantly improve the health and quality of life of adolescent girls affected by these conditions.