Metabolic engineering of microbes for enhanced production of biopharmaceuticals

Abstract

Metabolic engineering has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the production of biopharmaceuticals in microbial systems. By manipulating the metabolic pathways of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi, researchers can optimize the biosynthesis of valuable compounds, including hormones, antibiotics, vaccines, and therapeutic proteins. This review explores the key strategies and advancements in metabolic engineering, highlighting the use of systems biology, synthetic biology, and computational modeling to improve microbial production of biopharmaceuticals. We also discuss the challenges and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.