Insect 14-3-3 proteins: Key players in immunity, signalling and disease control

Abstract

This particular review explores the multifaceted roles of 14-3-3 proteins in various insect species, including mosquitos, silkworms and houseflies. The research findings have been keen in underscoring of how 14-3-3 proteins regulate the signal transduction, apoptosis and autophagy mitotic cell-check point, along with morphogenetic processes of plant insects. poly-sera raised for various manifested 14-3-3 proteins were noticed in different families (Culicidae and Bombycidae) of insect process with their distinct expression pattern indicative of global and spatio-temporal role in metabolic process. In consistent therein with higher eukaryotes, the 14-3-3 proteins have been known to play a pivotal role in insect cytoskeletal remodelling coupled with focal adhesion mechanisms and bacterial phagocytosis were shed light on the insect innate immunity by 14-3-3 proteins. In the holistic approach of this review on 14-3-3 proteins will address the dynamic roles in the insect species adaptation by modulating the fundamental biological processes such as apoptosis, immunity, and cellular signalling. Furthermore, the development of polyclonal antibodies against mosquito 14-3-3 proteins will offer a promising avenue for studying host-pathogen interactions, with implications for insect-borne disease management.