An assessment of geo-ecological richness in the Kalsa river basin (Himalayan region) using RS and GIS techniques

Abstract

This study evaluates the geo-ecological richness of the Kalsa River Basin, located in the Lesser Himalayas and known for its rich biodiversity and ecological significance. An assessment of geo-ecological richness in the Kalsa River basin in the Himalayas is a comprehensive study that takes into account various attributes related to the watershed's topography, geomorphology, geology, vegetation, and land use. The purpose of this assessment is to understand and quantify the ecological wealth and diversity within the specified geographical area. The study uses remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) along with a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method called the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to look at different aspects of the environment. The study finds four different geo-ecological richness zones. The