Dynamics of somatic cell count in dairy cattle across lactation stages: Implications for udder health and milk quality

Abstract

This study explores the dynamics of somatic cell count (SCC) across various stages of lactation in dairy cattle, an essential indicator of milk quality and udder health. By employing a longitudinal observational approach, we monitored the SCC in a cohort of dairy cows across distinct lactation phases: colostrum, early, mid, and late lactation. Our analysis revealed significant fluctuations in SCC, with the highest counts observed during the colostrum phase, attributed to the physiological changes post-parturition. A gradual decrease in SCC was noted as lactation progressed into the early phase, indicating the stabilization of udder health. However, mid-lactation showed a variable pattern, influenced by factors such as environmental stress and feed quality. Interestingly, a noticeable increase in SCC was observed during the late lactation phase, possibly due to the cumulative effect of lactational stress and the onset of involution processes. These findings underscore the critical importance of phase-specific management practices to maintain optimal udder health and milk quality throughout the lactation cycle.