Deciphering host manipulation strategies: Exploring Effector-target interactions in necrotrophic pathosystem

Abstract

This comprehensive review delves into the intricate dynamics of host-pathogen interactions, focusing on three necrotrophic pathogens - Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Parastagonospora nodorum, and Zymoseptoria tritici and their impact on wheat health. By dissecting infection processes, effector proteins, and susceptibility factor interactions, the review elucidates the strategies employed by these pathogens to colonize and thrive within wheat tissues. From the role of necrotrophic effectors like Ptr ToxA and SnTox1 in inducing programmed cell death to the genetic basis of susceptibility conferred by genes like Tsn1 and Snn1, each pathosystem unfolds a complex interplay between pathogen virulence and host defense. The review underscores the critical need for a nuanced understanding of these interactions to develop effective strategies for mitigating wheat diseases and ensuring global food security.