Assessment of incidence of osteoporosis among smokers

Abstract

Background: An imbalance in bone remodeling, which results in decreased bone mineral density (BMD), degeneration of the microarchitecture of the bone, and an elevated risk of fracture, is the hallmark of osteoporosis, a complicated heterogeneous condition. The present retrospective cohort study was conducted to access the incidence of osteoporosis among smokers.Materials and Methods: 240 smokers with smoking history of > 10 cigarettes per day for past 5 years were included. Smokers were put in group I and 240 normal controls (non-smokers) in group II. Clinical data of all the patients were obtained. Detailed medical and personal history of all the subjects was also recorded.Results: Group I had 164 males and 76 females and group II had 130 males and 110 females. Age group 45 years had 120 males and 105 females. . Osteoporosis was seen in 38 in group I and 12 in group II. The incidence of osteoporosis among smokers was 15.83%. The incidence of osteoporosis among non-smokers was 5%. The relative risk was 3.166. The p value 0.01. Difference was significant (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Smoking is a significant risk factor for osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis was higher among smokers as compared to non- smokers.