Evaluation of mosquitocidal efficacy of panchgavya from indigenous and crossbreed cows against dengue vector

Abstract

The growing incidence of mosquito-borne diseases and insecticides resistance highlights the need for effective mosquito control strategies in the modern era. The present study looks towards reporting the mosquitocidal efficacy of panchgavya (PG) from two distinct breed cows, indigenous and crossbreed, by conducting toxicity tests on larvae and pupae as well as repellency tests against adult female Aedes aegypti (L.), the primary vector for dengue. To further investigate potency of the PG for novel active compounds, GC-MS analysis was conducted. Results revealed that PG from indigenous samples displayed a more significant lethal effect on II instar, III instar, and IV instar, as well as pupae than the PG from crossbreed samples in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The reported LC50 and LC90 values for this sample against II instar, III instar, IV instar and pupae was approximately 1.1- to 3.4-fold lower than those of the PG from crossbreed samples. 100% repellency was reported up to 140 min, 160 min, and 170 min intervals at 50, 100, and 150 ppm dose of PG from indigenous samples, and up to 130 min, 140 min, and 160 min intervals at 50, 100, and 150 ppm dose for PG from crossbreed samples. GC-MS analysis revealed the occurrence of more than 20 active compounds with potent biological actions. These findings revelled that the indigenous PG has the potential to serve as a natural larvicidal, pupicidal and repellent agent at lower doses. Further detailed mechanistic studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism underlying such mosquitocidal action.