Vitamin E: Regulatory role in the cardiovascular system

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has a considerable impact on global health, resulting in elevated rates of illness and mortality. Vitamin E is essential for regulating cellular processes and gene activity that are critical for avoiding cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies utilizing cell cultures and animal models have provided insights into the impact of vitamin E on signaling pathways associated with inflammation, lipid regulation, and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. While several advantages of vitamin E have been validated through human trials, not all favorable results seen in initial investigations have been replicated in larger population-based studies. Recent studies have also investigated the impact of vitamin E's physiological byproducts, such as those generated by the liver and its phosphorylated forms, on cardiovascular disease (CVD). These findings provide novel insights into the potential impact of vitamin E and its derivatives on cardiovascular health. This information is anticipated to provide guidance for future research in animal and clinical environments with the goal of mitigating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. This review focuses on the contribution of vitamin E to preventing cardiovascular disease and presents recent discoveries about the role of its metabolites in the management of CVD.