Socio-economic dynamics and crop diversification in south Gujarat: Towards sustainable agriculture and rural development

Abstract

This study delves into the socio-economic dynamics and agricultural practices in South Gujarat, India, emphasizing the transition from traditional to sustainable agriculture. Employing critical thinking, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies, the research aims to gauge the impact of crop diversification on socio-economic development in the region. A questionnaire survey method was employed, drawing a sample of 240 respondents from 16 villages across eight talukas. The findings reveal significant insights into the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, including gender distribution, credit utilization, caste demographics, age distribution, educational levels, family size, and occupational diversity. Moreover, the study categorizes farmers based on landholding sizes and operational land holdings, shedding light on their cropping systems and irrigation practices. The analysis highlights the prevalence of male-headed households, varied patterns of credit utilization across districts, and a concentration of Scheduled Tribe (ST) farmers in certain regions. Additionally, it underscores the importance of middle-aged farmers in the agriculture sector and the predominance of small and medium landholdings. Using the Simpson diversity index, the research assesses the extent of crop diversification across districts, with Bharuch and Tapi districts exhibiting higher levels compared to Narmada and The Dangs. The study underscores the importance of diversified agriculture in enhancing resilience to pests, diseases, and market fluctuations.