A growth of smart and sustainable agriculture: A review

Abstract

The world's two main barriers to sustainable development are a scarcity of food and rising population. Artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things, and mobile internet are contemporary breakthroughs that potentially offer practical solutions to the problems the world is currently facing. As a result, this study's emphasis is on creative approaches to smart farming (SF) from 2019 to 2021 and provides examples of effective methods for data collection, transfer, storing, analysis, and problem-solving. IoT is one of the essential pillars of smart systems since it links sensor devices to perform a number of fundamental operations. The foundation of smart irrigation is made up of intelligent controls, sensors, and a few mathematical relationships. This work also showed how robots and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used for a range of tasks, such as harvesting, seeding, weed identification, irrigation, spraying for agricultural pests, applications on animals, etc.