Phytochemical screening of plant extracts and GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane extracts of leaves, stems and roots of Garcinia cowa growing in Bangladesh

Abstract

To identify the phytochemical constituents of different extracts of Garcinia cowa leaves, stems, and roots, phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used. The leaves, stems, and roots of Garcinia cowa were extracted using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. A preliminary phytochemical screening was done to determine the class of compounds found in each extract. The findings demonstrated the presence of steroids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds in each extract of leaves, stems and roots. All extracts with the exception of n-hexane contained flavonoids as well. However, all extracts of the leaves, stems, and roots aside from methanol were free of carbohydrates. The identification and quantification of 19, 26 and 20 n-hexane soluble chemicals contained in the leaves, stems, and roots of Garcinia cowa respectively, were made possible by the GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane extract of those parts of the plant. In this experiments, Methyl hexadecanoate (32.79%), Oleanitrile (16.10%) and 4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-3-furanacetic acid (9.54%) detected in the n-hexane extract of the leaves, stems and roots, respectively as having the greatest concentration.