Exploring genetic divergence in quantitative traits of exotic and indigenous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes

Abstract

This study sought to evaluate the genetic variation among forty-nine different genotypes of barley, comprising both exotic and indigenous lines, In addition to incorporating four check varieties (BH 902, RD 2552, RD 2035, and DWRB 92). The analysis of variance unveiled noteworthy discrepancies among the genotypes across a range of traits, except for 1000-seed weight. Block-wise analysis indicated no significant differences, suggesting comprehensive inclusion of factors influencing seed yield. The genetic coefficient of variation was highest for the number of productive tillers per plant (GCV) at 16.62, followed by peduncle length at 14.83, with phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values at 17.14 and 15.33, respectively, suggesting minimal environmental influence on trait expression. The non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped all genotypes into eight clearly defined non-overlapping clusters. Cluster III comprised the highest number of genotypes (17), whereas Cluster VI contained only one genotype (IBYT-HI-4). Intra-cluster distance analysis revealed cluster I as having the highest value, followed by Clusters V, III, VIII, and VII. Notably, inter-cluster distances were notably high between clusters II and VI (59.26) and clusters VI and VIII (49.95), suggesting potential for obtaining superior segregants through mating between genotypes of these clusters.