Mapping the dynamics of agriculture mechanization: present dynamics and future trajectories

Abstract

The evolution of agricultural mechanization in India shows dynamic and location-specific trends. While studies often indicate a positive link between farm mechanization and crop yield, there is a research gap, particularly regarding farm power availability and mechanization in Eastern India, notably in Odisha. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of farm power on crop production, productivity, and cropping intensity over three decades. Using verified secondary sources, statistical analysis, and district-wise mapping, the research provides comprehensive insights. The study reveals a significant change in the gender composition of the agricultural workforce, with the proportion of females increasing from 30% in 1991 to 44% in 2011. From 1996-97 to 2021-22, there was a notable shift in power sources for agricultural operations. Draught animal power decreased substantially from 87.30% to 15.44%, while tractors became the primary power source, accounting for 52.41% of total power and resulting in an overall farm power availability of 2.00 kW/ha. Despite the increase in farm power, there has been a recent decline in cropping intensity, attributed to various social welfare schemes. Combine harvester sales surpassed rice transplanter sales, while tractor sales slowed down. Despite the growing demand for farm mechanization, manual labour remains essential for tasks like sowing, weeding, and fertilizer application. In conclusion, the study's thorough assessment provides valuable insights for policymakers in the agricultural sector.Highlight: The present total farm power availability has attained a level of 2.00 kW/ha.