Poultry immunogenetics

Abstract

Disease control in poultry production is crucial for maintaining flock health and productivity. This paper explores various strategies, with a focus on genetic approaches, to enhance disease resistance in chickens. Historical efforts dating back to the 1930s have laid the foundation for understanding disease resistance in chicken lines through genetic improvement. High-throughput methods like microarray analysis and RNA sequencing are invaluable for identifying genes associated with disease resistance and host-pathogen interactions. Immunologically, chickens possess innate and adaptive immunity, with several studies identifying candidate genes influencing immunological functions and disease resistance. Heritability estimates for immunological features vary, suggesting selective breeding can enhance certain qualities. Genetic factors also influence growth and immunological attributes, highlighting the complex relationship between genetics and disease resistance. Pathogens can manipulate host gene expression, affecting the immune system's response to infection. Effective disease control methods encompass eradication, vaccination, treatment, and genetic resistance, each with associated costs and considerations. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes play a vital role in immune response and disease resistance, offering potential targets for selection. Genetic selection for immunophysiological traits has shown promise in enhancing overall immune system function. Utilizing a combination of disease control methods, including genetic selection, can effectively mitigate disease occurrence and impact in poultry populations. Understanding the genetic basis of disease resistance and employing appropriate selection strategies are essential for sustainable disease control efforts in poultry production.