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Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

The Lancet Neurology · 2024 · Vol. 23(4) · pp. 344–381

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Abstract

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Neurology and Historical Studies Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesBurden of diseaseDiseaseMedicineEnvironmental healthPathology

MeSH terms

Autism Spectrum DisorderGlobal Burden of DiseaseZika Virus InfectionZika VirusCOVID-19Communicable DiseasesDiabetic NeuropathiesFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornLife ExpectancyRisk FactorsGlobal HealthDisease ProgressionQuality-Adjusted Life Years

Funding

National Science Foundation
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Conquer Cancer Foundation
GAVI Alliance
International Trachoma Initiative
Amgen
Pfizer
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
Massachusetts General Hospital
St. Baldrick's Foundation
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Vanderbilt University
United Nations Population Fund
Florida Department of Health
University of Pennsylvania
Northwestern University
Harvard University
Washington University in St. Louis
Harvard Business School
Cleveland Clinic
Univerzita Karlova v Praze
Arizona State University
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Aarhus Universitet
Universidade da Beira Interior
University of Connecticut
Hamad Medical Corporation
Johns Hopkins University
American Stroke Association
Case Western Reserve University
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Universität Basel
New York University Shanghai
East Carolina University
Thomas Jefferson University
Brody School of Medicine
University of Ottawa
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer
Loma Linda University
University of South Carolina
University of South Florida
Lawson Health Research Institute
University of Patras
Shandong University
Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
Jazan University
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Arabian Gulf University
New Mexico State University
Sheffield Hallam University
University of Essex
Wellcome Trust
Sunnybrook Research Institute
London School of Economics and Political Science
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Augusta University
Università degli Studi di Milano
Università degli Studi di Siena
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment
South Eastern Sydney Local Health District
Houston Methodist Hospital
Aksum University
University of Central Punjab
Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique
Ahmadu Bello University
Trường Đại học Duy Tân
University of Kufa
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Wollega University
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education
Tamilnadu State Council For Science And Technology
Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology
Krishna Institute Of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be University
Jamia Millia Islamia
Salahaddin University-Erbil
Universidad de Colima
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
Northwell Health
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences
Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung
National Institute for Health and Care Research
University of Southampton
University of Warwick
Imperial College London
University College London
University of Oxford
Newcastle University
University of Glasgow
Loughborough University
Australian Catholic University
Cancer Institute NSW
La Trobe University
Macquarie University
Coventry University
South African Medical Research Council
University of Pretoria
National University of Singapore
Indian Council of Medical Research
Public Health Foundation of India
Amity University
University College Cork
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Universiteit Leiden
Southern Cross University
University of New South Wales
University of Technology Sydney
University of Wollongong
Deakin University
Monash University
RMIT University
Flinders University
University of South Australia
Griffith University
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Public Health England
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre
Cairo University
Taibah University
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Capital Medical University
Delhi Technological University
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
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Ilam University of Medical Sciences
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Jordan University of Science and Technology
KU Leuven
Karolinska Institutet
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
King Abdulaziz University
Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research
Tsinghua University
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Qatar University
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Universiti Malaya
Kuwait University
Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
University of Waterloo
Università di Catania
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Université de Bourgogne
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
University of Peshawar
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Taipei Medical University
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Haramaya University
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
Shahrekord University
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Nankai University
Asia University
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
Keele University
Jimma University
Shiraz University
Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Universidad de Antioquia
Universidad de Costa Rica
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Universitetet i Oslo
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Universidade de São Paulo
Uniwersytet Łódzki
University of Jordan
Universidade de Coimbra
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Göteborgs Universitet
Universidade de Lisboa
Universitat de Barcelona
Högskolan Dalarna
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Bahir Dar University
Università di Bologna
United Arab Emirates University
Oulun Yliopisto
Université de Bordeaux
Universidad de Concepción
Università degli Studi dell'Aquila
Syddansk Universitet
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Yarmouk University
University of Tsukuba
University of Johannesburg
Federation University Australia
Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Technische Universität Berlin
Wuhan University
Trakya Üniversitesi
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
Urmia University
China Medical University
University of the Philippines
Shaqra University
Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences
Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie "Carol Davila" Bucureşti
University of Tabriz
Tartu Ülikool
Ilam University
University of Gondar
Addis Ababa University
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
Nanjing University
Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta
Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Tarbiat Modares University
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
Dire Dawa University
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Universitas Airlangga
Chung Shan Medical University
University of Zanjan
Xiamen University
University of Peradeniya
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
Mekelle University
African Population and Health Research Center
Hawassa University
University of Colombo
Medizinische Universität Graz
University of Thessaly
Masarykova Univerzita
Universitas Hasanuddin
St. Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität
European Academy of Neurology
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Nazarbayev University
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
Aja University of Medical Sciences
Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
Háskólinn í Reykjavík
Management and Science University
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
University of Nizwa
Jenderal Soedirman University
Jahrom University of Medical Sciences
Universitas Padjadjaran
Central University of Kerala
Universitas Mataram
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Mahatma Gandhi University
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Berlin Institute of Health
Western Sydney University
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Alfaisal University
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Ajman University
University of Nicosia
KfW Entwicklungsbank
Madda Walabu University
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
King Faisal University
Dezful University of Medical Sciences
George Institute for Global Health
Dilla University
Adigrat University
University of Health and Allied Sciences
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Babcock University
European Stroke Organisation
National Institutes of Health
Directorate for Biological Sciences
Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University
University at Buffalo
University of Florida Health
School of Medicine, Indiana University
Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital
Houston Methodist Research Institute
Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis
Medical Research Council
Russian Academy of Sciences
Sydney Medical School
Warwick Medical School
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Queensland Brain Institute
Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center
Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia
Université de Limoges
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institute of Mental Health
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
Division of Mathematical Sciences
Daiichi Sankyo Europe
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership