Impact of climate change on livestock sector

Abstract

Globally sector of livestock is changing rapidly in response to globalization and increasing demand for quality foods of animal origin. Livestock performance is best when environmental factors are optimum which is difficult to achieve due its variable nature. Type and magnitude of stress due to physical environment depends on climatic factors of a particular area, animal adaptability, breed characteristics and managemental interventions by humans to minimize the losses. Climate change threatens livestock productivity as well as the sustainability of agricultural crops and vegetation, accessibility to water, animal growth and milk production, livestock illnesses, reproduction, and biodiversity. Methane emissions from enteric digestion and manure management account for the majority of contribution of livestock to climate change. Multidisciplinary strategies that prioritize animal nutrition, housing and health care are needed to lessen the negative impacts of environmental stress on livestock.