Credibility of bite mark analysis in forensic odontology: A diagnostic accuracy trail

Abstract

Introduction: The study explores the credibility of bite mark analysis in forensic odontology, a field often scrutinized for its reliability. Bite marks serve as crucial forensic evidence, potentially linking perpetrators to crime scenes. However, concerns regarding its scientific validation and standardized protocols persist. This research aims to address this gap by conducting a diagnostic accuracy trial. Methodology: Ethical clearance was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from participants. A sample of 200 individuals with specific inclusion/exclusion criteria was selected. Full mouth impressions were made, and bite mark replicas were created using standardized procedures. Two experts in forensic odontology assessed the bite marks for matching, and gender identification was performed based on specific criteria. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS, measuring sensitivity, specificity, and inter / intra-examiner reliability using kappa statistics.Results: Out of 200 triads, 189 were analyzed. Inter-examiner reliability for matched positive bite marks was 95.7%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were also high. Gender identification accuracy ranged from 90.8% to 96.5%. These findings demonstrate the reliability of bite mark analysis in forensic odontology. Discussion: The study's results indicate that bite mark analysis, when performed by experts and with standardized protocols, is a reliable tool for forensic investigations. The integration of advanced technologies and collaborative approaches may further enhance its credibility. Conclusion: This research contributes valuable insights into the credibility of bite mark analysis in forensic odontology. It underscores its potential as a reliable forensic tool, provided that experts are involved and standardized protocols are followed. As forensic odontology evolves, embracing technological advancements and collaboration can further strengthen the field's credibility. Bite mark analysis remains essential in delivering justice in challenging cases within forensic science.