Recent insights into anti-adhesion inhibition in medical implants to treat bacterial infections through naturally derived compounds

Abstract

Bacterial infections are the leading global cause of illness and mortality. Since bacteria attaching to host cells is one of the primary causes of infection, advanced methodologies are to be introduced that will thwart the growth of bacteria from adhering to host tissues or remove them from tissues in the early stages of infection. The antibiotic therapeutic strategy has become less effective in the treatment of many bacterial diseases due to the perturbing antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria, where the addressed anti-adhesion compounds of an almost insignificant impact on their growth and pathogenesis. In this context, there arises a secondary quandary of biofilm formation on several medical implants that are in general made up of different materials, like alloys like stainless steel and titanium, on which the bacterial growth takes place. This aggravates the problem to the utmost level, posing a serious threat to the lives of the patients bearing the same contributing morbidity in the long run. In this article, we examine a number of anti-adhesion therapeutic strategies through the use of several natural compounds isolated from various organisms as effective formulations to meet the menace of anti-biofilm formation.