One health perspective for infectious diseases of animals

Abstract

Infectious diseases pose significant threats to human, animal, and environmental health, highlighting the critical need for a holistic perspective in addressing these complex challenges. This review explores the One Health framework, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health in the context of infectious diseases. By examining zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and emerging pathogens through a One Health lens, we elucidate the intricate interplay between humans, animals, and ecosystems in disease transmission dynamics. Through an extensive literature review, we analyze the multifaceted factors contributing to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including ecological disruptions, human behavior, and microbial evolution. We also evaluate the effectiveness of One Health interventions in disease prevention, surveillance, and control, highlighting successful case studies and identifying areas for improvement. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and policy integration to foster a unified approach to infectious disease management. Embracing the One Health paradigm offers promising opportunities to mitigate the impact of infectious diseases on global health security while promoting sustainable coexistence among humans, animals, and the environment.