Effect of seasons on crossbred bull on semen characteristics and seminal plasma enzymes of fresh semen

Abstract

The objective of the current research was to investigate the impact of various seasons (Winter, Summer, and Monsoon) on seminal characteristics and seminal plasma enzymes in fresh semen from crossbred breeding bulls. Ninety-six ejaculates were collected through the artificial vaginal method from ten Holstein Friesian × Gir breeding bulls with 50% and 75% exotic inheritance over a twelve-month period, segmented into three different seasons. Semen analysis was conducted on fresh semen, revealing significant variations in semen ejaculate volume and mass activity across different seasons. Notably, the semen ejaculate volume was significantly higher during the summer compared to the winter and monsoon seasons, although the difference between winter and monsoon was not statistically significant. Parameters such as density, sperm concentration, and pH remained comparable throughout different seasons. Furthermore, the values of seminal plasma enzymes, including ALP, ACP, and CPK activity in fresh semen samples during different seasons, exhibited statistical significance (p