Exploring Wharton’s jelly Mesenchymal stem cells: A frontier in neuronal trans-differentiation research

Abstract

Nerve injuries, irrespective of tissue involvement, disrupt the continuity of nerve fibers, leading to compromised functionality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for cell therapy across a spectrum of diseases, owing to their unique functional attributes including potent differentiation capacity, immunomodulation, and growth support. In particular, the secretome produced by Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-MSCs) plays a pivotal role in their trans-differentiation into neural stem cells, thus creating a conducive microenvironment for nerve regeneration. Through the secretion of trophic factors, WJ-MSCs provide a nurturing, protective, and activating milieu that fosters the regeneration of damaged nerves, engaging both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. This synergistic interplay holds immense potential for accelerating nerve regeneration processes and augmenting functional recovery. This review underscores the therapeutic promise of WJ-MSCs in the realm of nerve regeneration, offering insights into their mechanisms of action and future directions for clinical applications.