Advances in non-destructive techniques for fruit quality assessment: A comprehensive review

Abstract

In postharvest agriculture, non-destructive techniques are reshaping the venture of fruit quality assessment. We delve into the applications of Computer Vision Systems (CVSs), Electronic Nose (E-nose) technology, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Acoustic Techniques. CVSs utilize digital cameras and algorithms to assess colour, texture, and defects, ensuring objective and consistent food control. E-noses, with their ability to detect volatile compounds, determine ripening stages, assess geographical origins, and evaluate freshness, offer invaluable insights into fruit quality. NIR spectroscopy provides rapid and non-invasive internal quality analysis, enabling precise predictions of sugar content and facilitating real-time quality control. MRI, although promising, faces challenges in cost and system size. Additionally, acoustic techniques, particularly ultrasound and Acoustic Emission (AE), have shown potential in early insect infestation detection. This review underscores the remarkable progress and challenges in these non-destructive techniques, paving the way for enhanced fruit quality evaluation and reduced food waste.