An assessment of the oxidative stress caused by 4-nonylphenol in the eyes of adult male zebrafish

Abstract

4-nonylphenol (4-NP) is a phenolic chemical that disrupts the endocrine system and is used in a range of industrial goods. It poses a health hazard to both humans and aquatic animals. A total of 216 adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used in the research to examine the harmful effects of 4-NP on the eyes of zebrafish. The fish were exposed to 4-NP on a daily basis for a duration of 21 days. The zebrafish were placed into four groups for the experiment: control group (C1), vehicle group (C2), treatment 1 group (T1), and treatment 2 group (T2). Each group consisted of 54 zebrafish. The C1 group was exposed to reverse osmosis water, while the C2 group was exposed to water containing 100% ethanol as a vehicle at a concentration of 10 μl/L. The T1 and T2 groups were exposed to water containing 4-NP at concentrations of 100 μg/L and 200 μg/L, respectively. The T1 and T2 groups exhibited a notable reduction in the activity of SOD and the level of GSH in the eye, compared to the C1 group. However, the T2 group showed a large rise in MDA level compared to the C1 group. The CAT activity in the T1 and T2 groups is significantly reduced in the eye compared to the C1 group.