Assessing human health risks of heavy metal exposure through food crops grown with wastewater irrigation practices

Abstract

This comprehensive review article delves into the critical issue of human health risks associated with heavy metal contamination in food crops cultivated using wastewater irrigation methods. In many regions around the world, limited access to clean water has driven agricultural practices reliant on wastewater for irrigation, leading to potential hazards to public health. This review evaluates the pathways of heavy metal accumulation in crops, explores the health risks posed to consumers, and discusses mitigation strategies and regulatory measures. By analyzing recent research findings, risk assessment methodologies, and emerging trends, this article underscores the urgent need for sustainable and safe agricultural practices to safeguard human health.