Structuring after-school physical education programs that are engaging, diverse & inclusive

Abstract

With rising diversity in urban schools, developing inclusive and engaging after-school physical education (PE) programs is critical for impacting youth development. However, cultural, ability, and motivation barriers can limit participation among underserved students. This literature review aimed to identify evidence-based strategies for structuring after-school PE programs to meet the diverse needs of urban student populations. A thematic analysis methodology synthesized key findings from empirical studies published since 2010. Five themes emerged: Fostering an inclusive program culture, offering flexible and varied programming, empowering student leadership, building community connections, and providing competency-based staff training. Findings indicate that incorporating cultural elements, accommodating disabilities, soliciting student input, engaging families, and offering ongoing professional development can promote participation and positive outcomes for students of all backgrounds. After-school PE programs have immense potential to impact youth development if designed holistically using research-based inclusive practices.