Economic analysis of energy use pattern in cotton cropping system

Abstract

This article explores the integral relationship between energy consumption and crop productivity within Indian agriculture, with a specific focus on cotton cultivation. Acknowledging agriculture as the bedrock of the Indian economy, the study examines how energy utilization profoundly influences different farming activities. Energy use and agriculture production are inextricably linked, and shortages and rising energy prices can impede agricultural expansion and negatively impact crop productivity. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing limited energy resources to support agricultural development, requiring energy conservation techniques while sustaining the agricultural production system. The research employs a comprehensive approach to categorize energy sources as direct (electricity, fuel, human and animal labour) and indirect (fertilizers, chemicals, equipment), using conversion factors to standardize energy units. Comparative analyses reveal the interdependence of energy usage and agricultural production across different nations. The primary energy sources for various cropping systems are identified using specific mathematical models. The research focuses on cotton cultivation in Tamil Nadu's Perambalur district, showcasing the energy distribution across different inputs. Human labour constitutes 40.01%, electricity for irrigation 4.19%, seed usage 1.16%, fertilizer application 52.77%, and pesticide utilization 1.84% of the total energy expenditure, amounting to 4547.28 MJ/ha. This breakdown underscores the proportional allocation of energy sources and highlights the significance of labour, irrigation, seed, fertilizer, and pesticides in cotton farming. The study offers insights into energy-efficient and sustainable agricultural practices, informing future decisions for ecologically conscious agricultural development.