Larvicidal efficacy of some plant extracts on Culex quinquefasciatus with characterization of their bioactive compounds

Abstract

Annually millions of people get affected by mosquito borne diseases worldwide. Lymphatic filariasis, West Nile Virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis are major diseases transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus. Three plants Oxalis corniculata, Maytenus senegalensis, and Cassine glauca were selected for biocontrol of Cx. quinquefasciatus and leaf extracts of the same plants in different solvents have shown good larvicidal activity on 4th instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Oxalis corniculata extracts in Ethyl acetate, Chloroform, and Hexane were reported to have LC50 values of 33.23 ppm, 82.20 ppm, and 215.19 ppm against C. quinquefasciatus, LC50 values for Maytenus senegalensis extract in Ethyl acetate, Chloroform, and Hexane against C. quinquefasciatus were determined to be 87.87 ppm, 177.20 ppm, and 164.53 ppm and the LC50 values for Oxalis corniculata extract in Ethyl acetate, Chloroform, and Hexane against C. quinquefasciatus were 79.65 ppm, 177.20 ppm, and 133.80 ppm. The M. senegalensis ethyl acetate extracts showed greatest mortality rate and the Cassine glauca chloroform extract showed the least amount of activity (1%).