Epidemiology of Enterobacteriaceae uropathogenic strains and resistant to antibiotics in the clinical laboratory of the regional hospital of Beni Mellal, Morocco

Abstract

Urinary tract infections were a reel public health problem. Enterobacteriaceae are the most common bacteria involved in the etiology of this type of infection. This study aimed to describe the Epidemiology of Enterobacteriaceae uropathogenic strains isolated from both hospitalized and outpatient’s cases, and to determine their resistance antibiograms. This retrospective descriptive study was carried out in the Clinical Laboratory of the Regional Hospital of Beni Mellal city, over a period of three years from January 2020 to December 2022. Data collection was done using the laboratory register, and statistical analysis was performed using the SphinxPlus2.V5. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was 15.6%. A total of 325 bacterial strains were isolated from 206 women and 119 men. Among the germs identified, 89.84% were Enterobacteriaceae, 84.93% were community strains and 17.07% were nosocomial strains. Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism, accounting for 71.63% of cases. The result showed that all isolated strains of Enterobacteriaceae had high levels of resistance to commonly used β-lactam antibiotics, including amoxicillin (60.31%), Ticarcillin (56%), ampicillin (51.38%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (48%), cefalotin (42.77%), mecillinam (35.69%) and Cefoxitin (32.66%). Additionally, the strains demonstrated resistance to quinolones such as Ofloxacin (40.31%), ciprofloxacin (36.31%), and nalidixic acid (29.35%), as well as sulfamides such as cotrimoxazole (31.69%). However, there was a low rate of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime (12.61%) and ceftriaxone (9.85%), phenicoles (chloramphenicol (13.85%), carbapenems (imipenem (2.46%), Aminoglycosidees (gentamicin (7.69%) and Polymyxins (Colistin (09.54%). This study showed a high prevalence of urinary tract infections, mainly caused by Enterobacteriaceae with a high frequency of antibiotic resistance. The results of our study could be useful for taking action to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections and to mitigate the spread of resistant bacteria.