A rare case of maxillary osteoclastoma with pulmonary and calvarial metastasis

Abstract

An uncommon, benign, locally aggressive osteolytic neoplasm called a giant cell tumor (also known as an osteoclastoma or myeloid sarcoma) of the bone typically affects matured long bones and accounts for 5 to 9% of all primary bone tumours. It mainly targets the epiphysis of long bones. Most often benign, they rarely spread to the lungs. The treatment plan usually ranges from simple curettage to wide resection, with typically a good prognosis. The recurrence rate has been reported to be between 40% and 60% and 5% to 7% of recurrent cases are malignant. However, such tumor growth is rarely encountered in craniofacial bones like the temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, and mandible which accounts only for 2% of cases. Herein this article we present and discuss the clinical presentation, radiological features, histopathological investigations, treatment procedures and follow-ups done in such a rare case of giant cell tumor involving maxilla in a young female patient.