Clinical, laboratory profile of acute rheumatic fever in children: At tertiary center

Abstract

Introduction: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an inflammatory disease that often follows Group A Streptococcal infection. It predominantly affects children, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profiles of children diagnosed with ARF. Material and Methods: A cohort of 75 children diagnosed with ARF was assessed for inflammatory markers, complete blood counts, and evidence of a preceding Group A Streptococcal infection.Results: The mean values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), markers of inflammation, were elevated, suggesting ongoing inflammation. The white blood cell (WBC) count was also increased, indicative of an immune response to infection. Despite the infection and inflammation, the average hemoglobin level was within the typical range for children. The platelet count varied widely among patients, while antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers, indicative of a recent Group A Streptococcal infection, were elevated. Conclusion: The findings confirm the inflammatory nature of ARF in children and support the association with a preceding Group A Streptococcal infection. Inflammatory markers, particularly ESR and CRP, along with the WBC count, can aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of ARF. ASO titers remain a vital tool for confirming recent streptococcal infection.