Antiviral potential of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) against viral diseases: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Nigella sativa L. is a seed spice that is known all over the globe as black cumin, roman coriander, kalonji, kalajeera. It is also highly regarded as herbal therapy, and it is possible to use it as a liquid medicine to boost immunity while reducing the risks associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary components found in essential oil of Nigella sativa are thymoquinone (TQ), dithymoqinone (DTQ), and thymohydroquinone (THQ), which are mainly associated with the antiviral properties. This article highlights the inhibitory effects and potential use of compounds against many viral diseases including Influenza, HIV, Chickungunya, Hepatitis C Virus, hepatitis A viruses and coronavirus. There is still a need for additional research to be conducted in both vitro and in vivo in order to fully understand the mechanism by which these compounds exert their therapeutic benefits. Further preclinical and clinical tests should be run against COVID-19 in order for researchers to study at the cellular targets, both particular and molecular.