An analysis of the relationship between analgesic use during pregnancy and stillbirth

Abstract

Stillbirth is a tragic pregnancy complication associated with emotional, social, and economic disruptions. Stillbirth may be caused by advanced maternal age, smoking, obesity, comorbid conditions, low socioeconomic status, substance use during pregnancy, and other factors. Although evidence suggests a number of factors that contribute to stillbirth, the use of analgesics increases the risk of stillbirth. Each drug has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, which may have direct or indirect effects on fetal health. Drug exposure was associated with a twofold increase in the risk of pregnancy-related stillbirth. Control over the use of analgesics during pregnancy is not well-established due to a lack of substantial evidence implicating stillbirth as a consequence of analgesic use. In light of this, the risk of analgesic-induced stillbirth is highlighted in the present literature review. Widespread knowledge exists regarding the abuse of analgesics as over-the-counter medications. Painkillers are frequently used for self-medication without the supervision of a physician. Some of these medications tend to cross the placental barrier and can have harmful effects on the developing fetus. A pregnant woman may be compelled to take analgesics for a variety of reasons, including the discomfort associated with the mother's body adjusting to the changes that occur during pregnancy. Analgesics are ingested irrationally, resulting in pregnancy-related complications such as miscarriage, due to their accessibility and lack of knowledge regarding embryonic risk.