Role of antioxidant compounds in promoting healthy ageing

Abstract

According to the free radical hypothesis of aging, age-related cellular and tissue damage is caused by free radicals, which are oxygen-derived. A state of equilibrium between oxidants, antioxidants, and biomolecules is typical. Free radical production in excess may overwhelm cellular antioxidant defenses, causing oxidation and further impairing cellular function. Given that free radical reactions are known to accelerate aging, therapies aiming at restricting or suppressing them should be able to slow down the development of aging alterations, which would therefore slow down aging and disease pathogenesis. Even though antioxidant supplementation is gaining popularity and acceptance in Western nations, there is still scant and conflicting evidence to support it. Major gaps in the literature still need to be filled in order to more accurately assess the possible advantages of antioxidant supplementation: a better comprehension of the oxidation processes that may be the root of the aging process. Identifying trustworthy indicators of oxidative damage and antioxidant levels. Determining a therapeutic window during which future antioxidant administration would be advantageous. A better understanding of antioxidant molecules, which in some circumstances act as pro-oxidants. After a brief introduction to the free radical theory of aging and the benefits of antioxidant supplementation as an anti-aging measure, the current paper provides an overview of the research linking antioxidant supplements to clinical conditions that are common in older people, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, research that assessed whether antioxidant supplementation could enhance significant outcomes of interest in older people were described (i.e., physical performance, muscle strength, longevity). This summary is not meant to be exhaustive; rather, it is meant to inform people of the possible benefits of antioxidant supplementation.