Understanding osteoarthritis and possible management: A review

Abstract

The most frequent kind of arthritis in the world is osteoarthritis (OA). Primary osteoarthritis and secondary osteoarthritis are the two types of osteoarthritis. Age, female gender, obesity, anatomical characteristics, muscular weakness, and joint damage (occupation/sports activities) are all risk factors for OA. Around 3.3 to 3.6 percent of the world's population suffers from OA. It is the 11th most debilitating disease in the world, affecting 43 million people and causing moderate to severe disability. OA affects the entire joint, leaving no tissues unaffected. A combination of risk factors (described above), mechanical stress, and improper joint mechanics cause OA. All patients should have a complete medical history and physical examination (including a targeted musculoskeletal examination). CBC, ESR, rheumatoid factor and ANA blood tests are normally normal in OA, although they may be conducted to rule out inflammatory arthritis. Radiographic features consistent with OA, such as marginal osteophytes, joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, and cysts, can be seen on X-rays of the afflicted joint; however, radiographic findings do not correlate with disease severity and may not be present early in the disease. The goal of OA treatment is to reduce both pain and functional loss. Non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy is used to treat the disease holistically. Furthermore, allopathic medications used to treat illness or relieve symptoms cause substantial toxicity and hazardous drug reactions. ADR is more common in elderly persons who have this condition on a regular basis. The Unani physicians' treatment principle for osteoarthritis involves Istifragh (removal of diseased materials) done Munzij Wa Mushil therapy and pain relief through Musakinaat, and it can be managed by using either single drugs, for example, Muqil, Bozidan, Suranjan, Asgand, Zanjabeel, Sibr, Hanzal, Ghariqun, Turbud, Kalonji, Zanjabeel and or compound formulations alike Habbe Muqil, Habbe Suranjan, Habbe Asgand, Qurs Kushta Sadaf, Majoon Chobchini, Majoon Ushba, Majoon Jograj Guggul, Itrifal Muqil, Roghan Haft Barg, Roghan Babuna, Roghan Azaraqui, Roghan Darchini, Roghan Surkh.