Kidney stone, and their management: An update

Abstract

Urolithiasis, or kidney stone development, is a complicated process that involves a series of physicochemical phenomena such as supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. It is a growing urological health problem that affects roughly 12% of the world's population. Kidney stones come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors. The stones must pass through ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters) and be expelled in order to be removed from the body. Kidney stones can take days to weeks to get out of the body, depending on their size. Hassat-e-Kulya (renal Stone) is abundant in ancient Unani literature, and Unani physicians addressed disease, manifestations, and treatment in broad terms. Several human studies have suggested that eating a diet rich in vegetables and fruits can help prevent kidney stones. Because of the drawbacks of surgical procedures and the restricted options for pharmacotherapy, it's worth looking into new pharmacological approaches for the treatment of kidney stones. Many Herbo mineral formulations (eg. Qurs Kushta Hijrul Yahood; Majoon Hijrul Yahood, Majoon Sange Sarmahi, etc) and medicinal plants/herbs (Habbul Qilt, Kalonji, Jawakhar, Pathri Phori etc) have been researched for the treatment of urolithiasis, albeit most of them have only been tested on a small number of people or in animal models.