Tibia malunion with angular deformity: Corrective osteotomy and intramedullary fixation

Abstract

Tibial malunions, which result in deformities such shortening, lengthening, aberrant rotation, or angulation, are characterised by the healing of tibial fractures in an unacceptably abnormal alignment These deformities can have adverse effects on patients, such as pain and gait disturbance, as well as long term development of post-traumatic arthritis. Treatment options included osteotomies, plate and screws, intramedullary nails, the Illizarov fixator, and external fixators. As there are several surgical techniques to tibial malunion that have been proven to be effective in delivering great clinical results, surgical strategies should be tailored to each individual patient.