Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD): An overview

Abstract

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a common and impairing disorder characterized by angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. These symptom domains are related to and predict attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and mood and anxiety problems. ODD often begins early during preschool, is relatively stable, and exhibits irritability as a core feature. ODD is also associated with other disruptive behavior disorders and other problems such as problems with peers, toilet training problems, and problems with independent sleep. There is substantial heterogeneity in ODD, including a callous/unemotional pathway and a reactive mood/ aggression pathway. Yet, accurate characterization of the disorder is important for early assessment and treatment [1].