A review on renal stone and its management

Abstract

Renal stone is a common global disease occurs in patients and is economic burden. The prevalence of kidney stones in the developed nations ranges from 4–20%. Renal stones are of 4 types such as calcium stones, Cystine stones, Struvite stones, uric acid stones, Various dietary, non-dietary and urinary risk factors contribute to their formation, Their frequent association with systemic diseases like hypertension, diabetes and obesity, highlights the role of dietary and lifestyle changes in their occurrence, recurrence, and possible prevention. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) identifies almost every stone and is the preferred investigation for identification. Treatment includes Lithotripsy, Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), Shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), Laser lithotripsy. Herbal drugs such as basil, parsley, guava, apple cider vinegar etc are used for treating the kidney stones. This review discusses the formation, and covers risk factors and management of renal stones