Eclampsia risk factors during pregnancy at donka national hospital maternity, university teaching hospital Conakry. Guinea

Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of this work were to calculate the frequency of arterial hypertension during pregnancy, describe the epidemiological profile and identify risk factors for eclampsia. Methodology: This was a prospective of six (6) month descriptive study carried out in the obstetrics gynecology Department of the Donka National Hospital a University Teaching Hospital (CH) in Conakry. The study took place from 1 st to December 31st, 2018. Results: The frequency of arterial hypertension during pregnancy was 8.82% in the department. The epidemiological profile was that of an adolescent (32.8%), nulliparous (56%), coming from home (69.2%), having not performed ANC (52%), not schooled (68%) and housewives. Primigestity was the main risk factor (52.4%). Gestational age greater than 37 weeks was the most affected (62%). The reasons for consultation are dominated by headache (76%) and dizziness (68%). The main type of hypertension was preeclampsia (48%) followed by transient hypertension (28%) The dominant clinical form when received was pre-eclampsia (47.2%) followed by eclampsia (23%). Eclampsia was the major complication (48%). We recorded 6 cases of death that is 2.4%. At the first minute, 35.68% of new-borns had an APGAR score below 7 and by the fifth 25.5% scored below 7. Foetal morbidity was dominated by foetal hypotrophy (30.19%) followed by prematurity (23.92%). We recorded 30 cases of MFIU and 7 cases of neonatal death out of 255 births, ie 14.50%. Conclusion: The detection of risk factors by a good prenatal follow-up and the regular training of care providers for an adequate and multidisciplinary management (obstetrician, nephrologist and pediatrician) of hypertensive pregnant women and their new-borns can improve the maternal prognosis and foetal.