History of disasters and their management in Pakistan

Abstract

Pakistan is vulnerable to disaster risks from various hazards, including avalanches, cyclones/storms, droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, floods, glacial lake outbursts, landslides, pest attacks, river erosion, and tsunami. Human-induced hazards that threaten the Country include transport, industrial, oil spills, urban and forest fires, civil conflicts, and internal displacements of communities due to multiple factors. High priority hazards in terms of their frequency and scale of impact are:- earthquakes, droughts, flooding, Wind Storms, and Landslides that have caused widespread damages and losses in the past. And now COVID-19 has also given negative impacts. This research study addresses the history of disasters and how the institutions of Pakistan have somehow managed to overcome them.